Microsoft Certified: Azure Security Engineer Associate

 Passed AZ-500 today!!

Hyper-V Nested VM

To allow your VM to run Hyper-V role, you need to expose the virtualization extension to the Hyper-V host by running the following PowerShell command:

> Set-VMProcessor -VMname MyVM -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true

My QNAP TS-412 had a major issue, 2 of the RAID5 disks decided to fail at the same time. Luckily QNAP was still up and running and allow READ-ONLY access to my data. However, all the iSCSI LUNs are not accessible anymore from my iSCSI clients.

Found the attached document which basically helped me recover my iSCSI LUNs. I copied by iSCSI LUN files to the backup locations and rebuild by NAS volumes. I then follow the procedure #3 in the document to get my iSCSI LUNs back.

Ubuntu DNS Stub Listener #Disable

During setting up PiHole, it requires to listen on DNS (53/TCP, 53/UDP) on the host. Ubuntu version that I am running on (20.04) by default listens on port 53 because it runs as DNS Stub Listener.

PiHole will give errors about Binding error

To disable Ubuntu running as DNS Stub Listener, do the followings:

> sudo vi /etc/systemd/resolved.conf 

un-comment #DNSStubListener=yes 
change it to DNSStubListener=no

> sudo service systemd-resolved restart
> sudo systemctl disable systemd-resolved.service
> sudo systemctl stop systemd-resolved
> sudo mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.old
> sudo shutdown -h now -r

Passed AZ-900 Exam Today!

Officially Microsoft Certified Azure Fundamentals !!

Microsoft Ignite 2020

PowerShell and Excel

I wrote a PowerShell script to start MS Excel process and manipulate an Excel file. This PS works perfectly fine when it is executed interactively by a user account. However when using Windows task scheduler, it throws the following errors:

Microsoft Excel cannot access the file
There are several possible reasons:
The file name or path does not exist.
The file is being used by another program.
The workbook you are trying to save has the same name as a currently open workbook.

In turns out, I need to create a directory named: Desktop
In the following locations:

64-Bit OS
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\config\systemprofile\Desktop

32-Bit OS
C:\Windows\System32\config\systemprofile\Desktop

QBE CIO Award 2019

All the hard work is paid for ... QBE Cyber Security team has been recognized for exceptional performance!! 

Tail in PowerShell

 I need to "tail" in PowerShell to view the log and found the following command interesting:

> Get-Content C:\mylog.txt -Wait

If you want to get the latest file and tail it:

> Get-Content ( Get-ChildItem C:\Folder\ | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | Select-Object -Last 1) -Wait

Active Directory Group Policy by Powershell

 Use the following Powershell to get all the GPO dumped to HTML files

#> Get-GPO -All -Domain mydomain.tld | % { Get-GPOReport -Guid $_.Id -ReportType Html -Domain mydomain.tld | Set-Content C:\Reports\$($_.DisplayName).html }

Gartner Security & Risk Management Summit 2019

#GartnerSEC

SailPoint NAVIGATE

Fix Corrupted Windows 10 File(s)

Recently, I had issue with my VM which runs Windows 10 for my daily ops work. The issue was, the hosting machine kept crashing due to unknown issue, thus ungracefully shutting down my Windows 10 VM.

One time, second time, third time were fine. Finally, one day, I wasn't able to open any ZIP file. It looked like the OS lost its association with the file type .ZIP. I went to the default file type program and could not find .zip file type. I then checked my other healthy Windows 10 machine and clearly there is no .zip file type association either.

To fix this I ran:

> sfc /scannow

When the scan was completed, I checked the log file, it had:

Could not reproject corrupted file \??\C:\WINDOWS\System32\\zipfldr.dll; source file in store is also corrupted

What I did next:

> DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth

Then

> sfc /scannow

and I can open ZIP files again!! :)

C# + Active Directory = Awesome!!

I have a need to review AD groups and local admin groups as part of the identity project -  to identity users who are having privileged access in AD or servers. I developed this tool to help with the quick search, detailed view, export, etc with UI.

Obviously this can be done with PowerShell, but I found there is limitation with PowerShell in regards to recursive lookup especially when dealing with foreign objects

As you can see below, there are different account type you can query, user, computer and group (with recursive option). You can also provide a different credential to query Active Directory as well as specifying a particular OU, LDAP filter and keyword doing the search.

  

The below UI provides the interface to query local groups in Windows machine. You can specify a single computer, computers in a particular OU or a text file containing a list of computers.

 

GoDaddy DNS Update Using API

I recently need to update my DNS entry which is hosted in GoDaddy. GoDaddy supports API call to update DNS entries, which is amazing!!

You need to generate the API key and secret.

create the file below and cronjob it!

#!/bin/bash

domain="domain.tld"
type="A"
name="@"
ttl="3600"
port="1"
weight="1"
key="my-api-key"
secret="my-api-secret"

headers="Authorization: sso-key $key:$secret"
echo "Headers = " $headers

result=$(curl -X GET -H "$headers" "https://api.godaddy.com/v1/domains/$domain/records/$type/$name")
echo "Result = " $result

dnsIP=$(echo $result | grep -oE "\b([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}\b")
echo "DNS IP = " $dnsIP

ret=$(curl -s GET "http://ipinfo.io/json")
currentIP=$(echo $ret | grep -oE "\b([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}\b")
echo "Current IP = " $currentIP

if [ $dnsIP != $currentIP ];
then
        echo "IP's are not equal, updating record"
        curl -X PUT "https://api.godaddy.com/v1/domains/$domain/records/$type/$name" \
                -H "accept: application/json" \
                -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
                -H "$headers" \
                -d "[ { \"data\": \"$currentIP\", \"port\": $port, \"priority\": 0, \"protocol\": \"string\", \"service\": \"string\", \"ttl\": $ttl, \"weight\": $weight } ]"
fi

if [ $dnsIP = $currentIP ];
then
        echo "IP's are equal, no update required"
fi

Ubuntu 18.04 + Docker Setup

I am setting up a new Docker Engine running on Ubuntu 18.04
During the Ubuntu installation, I selected Docker Engine as part of the deployment setup. By default the Docker Engine Service is run by Snap.

My environment uses web proxy to hit the Internet and internal DNS servers only are allowed. Docker Daemon or Docker Containers must use web proxy and internal DNS to hit the Internet.

To setup Ubuntu with static IP, pointing to the right DNS, netplan must be created
create a YAML file in the /etc/netplan/

> sudo vi /etc/netplan/99-local-init.yaml

network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
addresses:
- 10.0.0.1/24
gateway4: 10.0.0.254
nameservers:
search: [domainlocal.tld]
addresses: [10.0.0.2, 10.0.03]

ps: addresses: [10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.3] are the local DNS servers

To get Docker Engine to use web proxy and local DNS servers, Drop-In configuration files must be created. Check the Docker Engine service name under /etc/systemd/system/ folder. My Ubuntu 18.04 installation has got snap.docker.dockerd.service name

Create a folder with the same name of the service name and add ".d" at the end of the folder name

> sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/snap.docker.dockerd.service.d 

Then you can create as many as .conf files in that folder

To create web proxy configuration

> sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/snap.docker.dockerd.service.d/proxy.conf

[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://myproxy.domainlocal.tld:8080/" "HTTPS_PROXY=http://myproxy.domainlocal.tld:8080/" "NO_PROXY=localhost,*.domainlocal.tld"

To create DNS setting

> sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/snap.docker.dockerd.service.d/dns.conf

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/snap run docker.dockerd --dns 10.0.0.2 --dns 10.0.0.3 --dns-search domainlocal.tld

ps: ExecStart= must be defined in the first line to reset that flag

The daemon must be restarted

> sudo systemtcl daemon-reload
> sudo systemctl restart snap.docker.dockerd

To build / run process within the Docker Container, pass the flags:

> sudo docker build --build-arg http_proxy=http://myproxy.domainlocal.tld:8080 --build-arg https_proxy=http://myproxy.domainlocal.tld:8080 -t dockerhubname/imangename .

Have fun!

Docker Copy Files

When building a Docker image using the Dockerfile, if you need to copy some files from the Docker Engine machine to the Docker Image, you need to use the "correct" source path where the files are located.

Let's say you have the following files:

/mydocker/Dockerfile
/mydocker/file1.sh
/mydocker/file2.sh

you can't specify the following command within your Dockerfile

COPY /mydocker/file1.sh /etc/
COPY /mydocker/file2.sh /etc/

instead, you need to do the following

mkdir /mydocker/resources
mv /mydocker/file1.sh /mydocker/resources
mv /mydocker/file2.sh /mydocker/resources

then, in your Dockerfile, specify the following COPY command

COPY resources /etc/

Microsoft Ignite Sydney 2019

Windows Server Core 2019 - Remote PowerShell

Just installed a couple of Windows Server Core 2019. To manage them through PowerShell remotely, you need to enable PowerShell Remoting

On the Windows Server 2019 Core, run the following command

> Enable-PSRemoting -Force

The remote machine from which you want to manage the server

> Enter-PSSession -Credential (Get-Credential) -ComputerName my2019server.domain.tld

Enjoy!

Westpac Super.Tech Q4 Individual Award Winner

And to close the year 2018, I have been nominated and won the Q4 Individual Award! 

It has been a long and challenging year for me :)